The journey of dog frozen semen import begins with the collection from the donor animal. This semen is carefully processed to remove seminal plasma and other contaminants while preserving the viability of spermatozoa. The semen is then diluted with a cryoprotectant solution to protect the cells during freezing and thawing.

Step 2: Freezing

Next, the processed semen is frozen using specialized equipment and techniques that gradually reduce the temperature to around -196°C (-321°F). This ultra-low temperature prevents cellular damage and ensures the long-term preservation of sperm viability.

Step 3: Quality Control and Testing

Before shipment, samples of the frozen semen are thawed and evaluated to assess post-thaw motility and sperm viability. Quality control ensures that only semen meeting specified standards for fertilization potential is shipped internationally.

Step 4: Packaging

Proper packaging is critical to maintain the integrity of frozen semen during transit. The semen straws or vials are securely packed in insulated containers filled with liquid nitrogen (LN2) to keep the temperature stable throughout the journey. These containers must meet international standards for the transport of hazardous goods.

Step 5: Documentation and Regulations

Shipping frozen semen internationally involves navigating complex regulatory requirements. Documentation typically includes health certificates, import permits, and proof of pedigree. Each country has its own regulations regarding the importation of genetic material, which must be meticulously followed to avoid delays or rejection at customs.

Step 6: Logistics and Transport

Choosing a reliable shipping carrier experienced in handling frozen biological materials is essential. Specialized courier services or airlines equipped with LN2 transport containers ensure the semen remains at the required temperature throughout transit, which may involve multiple legs and international borders.

Step 7: Receiving and Storage

Upon arrival at the destination, the recipient must be ready to receive the shipment promptly. Proper storage facilities equipped with LN2 storage tanks are necessary to maintain the semen's viability until it is ready for use in artificial insemination procedures.

Step 8: Thawing and Insemination

When the time comes to use the frozen semen, it is thawed using controlled methods to prevent damage to the sperm cells. The thawed semen is then used in artificial insemination procedures to achieve conception in the recipient animal.

Conclusion

The international shipment of frozen semen is a sophisticated process that requires careful coordination, adherence to regulations, and specialized equipment at every step. By following these detailed steps, breeders and geneticists can effectively harness the potential of genetic material from around the world to improve animal populations and advance breeding programs globally.